PENGERTIAN DAN CARA PEMILIHAN MODEL-MODEL PEMBELAJARAN

assalamualaikum sobat kembali lagi dengan saya hehe
nah laangsung saja saya akan membagikan sebuah makalah kecil-kecilan tentang model-model pembelajaran. disini kita membahas   model taylor, renzulli, dan gardner.. oke langsung saja sobat

model model pembelajaran.doc

oke demikian postingan saya kali ini seoga bermanfaat bagi temen-temen..
wassalamualaikum sobat

HARAPAN DAN KEMAUAN

Harpan dan kemauan, yapp kedua kata itu saling terhubung, hal itu aku dapatkan ketika aku bersama teman-temanku melakukan pendakian di gunung merbabu dan itu merupakan kali pertama aku melakukan pendakian. Sebenarnya saya dan teman kos saya sudah lama sekali merencanakan pendakian ini namun baru kemarin tanggal 27 agustus 2013 kemarin semuanya terlaksana yapp ini semua berkat rahmat Allah SWT yang telah memberi kesempatan pada kami, dan berkat mantan kakak kos yang sudah kami anggap keluarga yaitu mas fikry dan mas alfa yang membantu kami dalam persiapan mental maupun materi hehe maklum mereka mempunyai rental perlengkapan outdor .

naskah drama radio

met pagi sobat

kali ini saya  akan share ilmu hahaha hanya sekedar berbagi, ini adalah sebuah teks drama radio yang meliputi sinopsis, treatment, dan full skrip..

sebenarnya ini adalah tugas dari kampus, semester 2 kemarin. oke langsung saja comot sob.

NASKAH DRAMA (SINOPSIS, TREATMENT, FULL SKRIP)
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demikian dari saya bro.. semoga bermanfaat

ANALISIS, VISI, MISI, STRUKTUR ORGANISASI SEKOLAH ALAM

assalamualaikum


pagi sobat blogger lama tidak posting, hehe kali ini saya ingin berbagi tentang struktur organisasi, visi dan misi, juga dengan analisis jabatan perorang. ini merupakan sebuah rancangan sekolah alam yang dalam hayalan kami ingin dirikan. oke langsung saja sobat ini link downloadnya

DOWNLOAD

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demikian dari saya bro.. semoga bermanfaat

wassallamualaukum

Ideologi Pancasila vs ideologi neo-liberalisme dalam mengarahkan tujuan dan praksis pendidikan

oleh : hilmi kn

Ideologi adalah sekumpulan nilai-nilai yang menjadi tatanan dan cita-cita suatu tujuan, Ideologi merupakan cerminan cara berfikir orang atau masyarakat yang sekaligus membentuk orang atau masyarakat itu menuju cita-cita yang mereka inginkan. Ideologi merupakan sesuatu yang dihayati dan diresapi menjadi suatu keyakinan. Ideologi pendidikan dapat diartikan sebagai suatu pedoman cita-cita atau tujuan pendidikan tersebut, selain itu ideologi dalam pendidikan juga berfungsi sebagai patokan dan acuan dalam menjalani proses pendidikan, namun dewasa ini ideologi pendidikan kita telah tercemar oleh ideologi lainya.

aj hoge "the big picture"

ehmm dah lama ga posting ..
This time I will post aj hoge "the big picture" is the story of someone who made a book about someone contents of his book that changed the world of education in their schools .... ok for a story, please download the mp3 below

mp3 aj hoge

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family is basically

A family is basically any activity in which the vast majority of the ownership or control lies within the family. Involvement can bring the family in society for its complexity, because the line between business system is sometimes a fine line separated the family system. Sometimes these two positions overlap so much conflict.
Involve families with emotion, including relationship involves trust and love, of course, that the company has developed not through cool, affected to maximize profits from this risk.
Styles that are used in the family do not always fit the business situation. Belonging to the family of birth, while the membership should be in the company on investment and performance.
Families dealing with family issues at the head of the family, making decisions alone or in combination with other senior member of the family makes sense. The company has its own systems of communication methods and styles of conflict resolution means the resolution is complete.
The conflict between a family system
Conflicts arise when a family of system functions, merging the roles of the other, that each member of the family was actually a double system problems. The intersection of these two systems are really clear where conflicts of interest arise between family and business.
Most families on the objections as essential in all cases, but the company makes sense, the concerns are to ensure the families and business interests balanced to achieve maximum satisfaction for both systems and people involved. All too often the emotional attachment of family members will tend to processes to ensure the security of the company to secure its success, in order to maximize short.
For example, family members in positions of power, the set they have no experience or knowledge, just because they were related. When she got through the normal interview selection was not that position. This is clearly a case where family gatherings as a violation of the usual business standards, to ensure maximum revenues are running.
Specific problems of family
Very difficult to do business in better times. Family business brings its own problems, these problems have to be before someone intervenes clearly in the family, whether that person is a part of the family or a stranger. A family is from the same problems that any other activity in addition to other general or two, just because the family involved.
Some of the problems that most companies face are as follows:

Leadership. Who is the leader in the industry, to find that the final decision, and how the next generation does business.
Family harmony. What should be done to ensure that there be harmony in the family.
Heirs. Whoever is elected to succeed and manage a family and its current director retires or dies? Each family member is responsible for managing the family business must ensure that sound business management practices are exercised.
Commitment. Who should join the family business and under what conditions?
Racing company. What needs to happen to the employer in the family until now?
Unknown persons. How are the families not recruited and received executive, and what powers should not make decisions that go against the wishes of the family sector.
Indemnification. Family members should be paid for the work they are not qualified? If wages in the same breath with non-relatives with more experience and knowledge in a particular area?
Protection of the finances. Many parents keep their personal banking firm as a place where they do whatever they want. "Prime" The family needs to make wise decisions, even though it certainly does not guarantee popular with the family, capable of protecting the continued financial health of the company.
All problems should be checked in a family situation that the potential for conflicts of the family printing business can be very high. Way to defuse conflict and stress should be avoided in order to identify the problems of conflict and tension, so that these issues with the whole family.

The psychology of the family

The psychology of the family looks at how and why we have close family relationships and the dynamics of family interaction. The structure of families on anthropology, evolutionary biology, history and sociology of the family based systems the roots are, in these disciplines. However, the study will show us how to have the family structure of family systems developed over time, but can not say directly why family ties developed in the first place. Family ties are the child development and psychology and philosophy to offer, why the family is the foundation of our existence investigated. Family Research interdisciplinary approach is to focus on the human psyche, such as evolutionary biology sociology, philosophy, an important psychological component.
To begin to answer, such as family structures have evolved in the history of evolutionary anthropology, suggests that the family, albeit in different forms is the foundation of civilization. The first people who lived in caves and forests, or tribal groups formed quickly in order to protect themselves from wild animals. Anthropological search for the remains showed the life of primitive cavemen. Manual is one of the basic needs of human security, such as the establishment of a large family, the fall or perhaps to protect themselves from wild animals, to warn all other natural disasters in order to collect food and bring children into the community, almost, and modern society. Thus, the first family herds or tribes, and there were several generations of my family. Were large family size, so I think a whole forest of trees of various families. However, the tribal system for large communities are long and some wanted a different kind of human life, traveled to places where the community or tribe. Others may have only the disadvantages of life as a group impassable, and to consider the reasons, the envy of the potential partner, satisfaction, sharing of food, shelter, indifference to the rules of social life. Applicants freedom groups on social program began, more and more people to build their houses and the first human culture was so small, with many families, but large compared to today's nuclear family of the couple and their children. Basic human need for protection and security gave way to the needs of the most emotional love sharing with systems that have the family and the man an attachment and affection, as they were always rewarded with love's, love, or reinforces the promise of love.
People like us are born with some basic unit of sexuality and aggression, as proposed by Freud, but found the people that the sexual needs of her show just as an attachment and affection, loyalty, affection "These are often rewarded with ways to meet their needs measure aggressive. Here is how humans were the taste and emotions to positive development, ever so long, reinforced, until love is glorified is involved in the civil society of the family. Of course, love psychoanalysis offers is just icing on the real needs of our species of primeval, a fact that people have found love that always needs easier than reward indirect sexual needs immediately and then develop the positive feelings of love-conditioning as the basis for the family. experiments of psychologist BF Skinner is successful, that the behavior as a matter of course will be strengthened. Systems family built on a foundation of love, affection, loyalty, trust, leading to the psychology of security and the rule of necessity and is therefore an important part of family interactions.
The psychology of the family are divided into two branches -
The psychology of the family:
The psychology of the family can be understood in two directions, how and why family members have developed industry in some way. That early human tribes or groups are formed, why they suddenly left the nomadic life of the ranch to begin and in houses? When communities develop and why social rules that have helped protect the family unit? Since household size over time? What was to change with the family are met? This branch of psychology, family studies of social systems, political systems, culture and history of anthropology, evolutionary biology. This is the structure of the family, the family of the basic systems of the psychological basis for the development of the family. Here are the basics of the social psychology of group behavior and the formation of the group discussed the reasons for the creation of groups through cooperation (with other members) and identity (group), as found in the first person, and still the days. Kurt Lewin, Bruce Tuckman and Gustave Le Bon-known theory of group behavior in social psychology and studied the behavior of the group as a basis for social development. The formation of the family can be explained by Maslow, the needs of the family provides the basic safety and need for love in some cases, our needs for the country. Maslow discussed in another article. The basic unit of sexuality and aggression must come from the family attachment you love a Freudian explanation of family systems are met. Sartre's existentialism, which only says that the man was thrown into this world with an inherent sense of isolation could explain the need to overcome the loneliness. Group structure and group interaction are the ones told by various theories.
The psychology of family interactions / relationships
The second part was still on the family, the nuances of the basic psychological and emotional family members, their interactions and relationships, feelings of love and trust and the functions or the role of the family of the individual. This branch focuses on family relationships and the psychological basis of family emotional interaction and how it connected with the outside world. This branch studies also show how they affect our models of close family ties in our interactions to the outside world and how we conduct ourselves in the community, society and the world. This branch of psychology would say is also closely linked to questions of existentialism and phenomenology in philosophy, as related to the family, the husband did not feel isolated or alone in the world like an existentialist, but a feeling of belonging to people to develop the family, the first report to the outside world. The family is a board jump, the first phase, we begin our knowledge about the world. There is also an important part in the study of child development. In addition to the theories of Freud, Maslow, Levin, and Sartre, the theories of Erik Erikson, the stages of man from birth shows to death, why people connect, the dynamics of family relationships and interactions to explain. Eriksson at length in the article, but briefly the theory of Erikson goes through eight stages of psychosocial development of hope and full confidence of youth to despair in old age.
On the one hand, we investigate the change in family patterns, and in some cases, comparisons are in the humanities, such as families moved in different cultures, different models and structures. For example, large families are still in the East, although it still almost extinct in Western individualistic societies. Before prices fall drastically, people remain unmarried prefer, is the study of family structure and the gradual change will help us analyze and predict future patterns in the family. Family system slowly died out individual companies to reduce the number of components is to show within a family? Maybe in 100 years will be used as individualistic families a member of the world, and this can lead to further isolation, loneliness and the need to connect emotionally to see how people form large groups or herds or groups result renovate. It's only ultra-urban, technologically superior tribes, perhaps the space nomads, as we see herds or groups of foreign films about UFOs and alien culture. Foreigners are probably superior to us live or see UFOs are always in groups or herds, as you can see. Have you ever wondered why aliens are always in groups or herds? Maybe they have passed all stages of human evolution and are therefore more advanced than we are. The future is likely to withdraw to the formation of tribes, groups and communities in herds or small families. I do not claim to believe in UFOs and aliens, but it is possible and is based on speculation, but change the structure of family systems will also depend on how our need for emotional interactions and relationships change and evolve.
In addition to the theories of Maslow (security / love needs), Freud (base station), (loneliness) existentialism Levine (coach), the need for the family may be in the context of the psychology of the family to various human emotions, family situations, measure, and it is the development of children and adults into account the theories of Erikson (stages of life), Freud (about sexuality) and the strengthening of positive emotions

Family meetings

Family meetings can be a discussion group of events, feelings, changes, plans, intentions, rules, expectations, praise, support and the whole family to come and speak. Most importantly, the whole family sits together at the same time, referring to the meeting. You may find that hard soft to sit in this process, so that they can only be part of the session recorded. Or is it can best meet children to donate time to keep the kids in bed. Some young people, they fail time for their younger siblings, or family problems not directly debate to spend on their immediate needs context. But if you adopt as an integral part of your family to reduce the difficulties and obstacles in the course of time, as each child parents are realizing the benefits.
Benefits of family reunions
Reunion of families, by every child and every parent deals with the right emotions to enhance learning. It also gives families the opportunity to practice listening and speaking and the art of negotiation and resolution of conflict. But, the family firm evidence for the importance of the family and give each family member a chance to offer, or seek protection together.
When they get older, the children and young people learn that they are extremely difficult issues are hostile. Teach the parents and their children, important questions can offer solutions when appropriate opportunity to present.
Heather told me about some family reunions affected their ability to relate their parents.
Heather history:
Heather, 21, is a qualified nurse. She hopes to work in a Third World country and want to postpone marriage and children until she was older, "like maybe 30" (here I feel old). Heath grew up in a family with two parents, David stayed in the suite was half cut out of the house, she has a younger sister and brother.
Heather told me that her family always family events. She says she remembers her mother put a pencil and paper to keep on the table, her younger sister spent, while the others held their meetings, how proud they are that at the age of 6, she is old enough to participate fully in could, instead of boring the viewer, like her sister was three years old.
"We, the family met almost all our children had nothing happens otherwise, it is usually different than at the beginning of each school year and after Christmas, when these were the moments when our parent classes was recorded. We had them after the Table dropped. We do register, and we alternately opening the conference. When we were little, it mainly mum and dad to tell us what happened this week. I thought that I was not very spontaneous by nature, the I feel that I was helping run for my life. "
Heather was the tone and purpose of the meetings has changed, as she and her brother grew older.
"As we get started with the fee and would like to do things with our friends, we are negotiating to have a family as a place to make money and stop. My brother and I will try, for money or more after the start of the curfew to unite, but never worked for us. Mom and Dad had their rules and standards, and they fixed it. If we have problems with my uncle, we are family, we were able to get them to work through him. "(Dudu period of alcohol abuse that was a time of hardship for the whole family).
I asked Heather what the family.
"What I liked most was talking with my parents, as most of my friends. It's not very cool when it does, but because we know we bring the whole team relaxed problems-like atmosphere, we have used only to do it. Now I'm older I am, I believe that my family supports me a team, as I said earlier used. I think we are family informally, mainly through e-mail. one of us all be problems in our lives, and copy it to anyone. We get feedback and ideas to support each other. Most of my friends are kind of kinship and support exchanged with friends, but my family is still my number one to go when I need to talk. "
About a month after the interview, as Heather me and told me she thought about it and she realized that something they really like a family.
"We have our meetings as a form of advertising on the site. So if I get a good score in one of the subjects for my bad, my brother was really something exciting happening at school, we would say, and everyone clapped. I did it arrive at any moment, but in retrospect I can see how good I felt appreciated by my parents and siblings. remember brothers and sisters often about things that nice to each other when they are children, but the family gave us a chance to do together . I do not think most of my friends have this kind of official recognition of their families. "
Historically
You look through history, I noticed a prototype, which the family day was a famous, perhaps mythical, the Round Table of King Arthur's court of Camelot. I thought it would be a good example here, because basically, according to legend, the king took the Knights of the couple bickering (which is not known in the communication skills wanted each of the first to win) and gave them all sound alike in decisions to decide the empire, such as distributing resources. Dialogued and knights used to clarify verbal problem solving skills, different problems. Arthur, like a king, was the final arbiter in conflicts in which they could not reach an agreement, but it is how these family meetings where parents have the final word.
In any event, the Round Table was a major improvement in the style of the former Knights of conflict resolution, which was drawing swords, fight to the death, killing other opponents of the Brothers stormed castles. Pay for ordinary people is that they are not with a gallant charge of their environment they work to live for military service if they the next village that the knights and need the money before the war, invasion, could be used used for a minimum of social services are currently available (bridges, ships and what not).
The same process works in family gatherings. Instead of arguing things families individually, the majority of the family rules negotiated at a family gathering, when someone with an entrance at the same time. And if the whole family in deciding how to allocate family resources are involved, there is less chance of the claim in the future when people realize that the decision does not work so well in their favor.
When a group of noisy knights who are used to solve conflicts were with the sword, can learn to use this format solution, guess what your children learn the same way.
Family gathering skills
Family gatherings are vulnerable to fears and problems when you first start it. Children do not want to understand, children, adults take power game to try it, and everyone could mess on the agenda. It can also be difficult and disturb not the time with other activities. And if your children at different stages of maturity, it can be a challenge to all major routes, it must be kept carefully, as you progress to be found through the calendar.If you think you want to try, with family gatherings as a way to strengthen your family, these tips can be helpful for you.
o Has the same time and place it on reserve Schedule weekly or bi-weekly. To place and maintain functional, all family members must understand that their presence is necessary. Choose the evening, when other activities disturb or Holidays. If there are special programs on TV at the same time, they agree to take for later viewing.
o Enter the "General". Each participant. Everyone has to go. Nobody bothers. All positive. No teasing or intent is permitted.
o Start with an agenda issues. All I can say what you, what would he be able to be included as a formal agenda.
o Keep a record. Someone designated to keep notes. This could change weekly, or it can be assigned to a specific person. Every topic you read the results. This is useful later, when disagreement over what was said. Store the nuts in a baby book that is not used for other purposes.
o Start with a positive note. Start the meeting with each person says something positive happens in the week. Some families want to see every family member that something special was another family member, or want to be different, both personally and each family member tell the kindness they have experienced or done for them.
o Use the talking stick. A candle, or an empty toilet paper roll or fold, etc. can be used. The rule is that only someone who has the talking stick may speak and the others must wait for their train.
o Consider the attention span of people. Very young children or people with ADHD or learning difficulties can not sit for an extended period. Are pencils and paper, or drawing tools, clay or play, these families have fun with, while the others remain to questions. You will find that there are less than reliable and successful process.
o With the moderators. When the process first starts or when the children are very young, the parents will be moderate. This means that they are role models to prevent interference for negotiating skills, take notes, are making the agenda is another. Is as kids get older, or the family is used for this kind of meeting, another person can be assigned the role of moderator for a week.
o Turn off distractions. TV, radio or other audio / visual distraction must be turned off to meet family.
o Set the mood. Children often enjoy the ceremony to add events to consider in such a way to turn off the lights and sit by candlelight. Or provide for a clean desk, plates began to move, and there is plenty of room for elbows leaning, reaching, as you move the stick to talk. Alternatively, you should always consider showing a vase of fresh flowers or a plant, a symbol of beauty and health, at the hearing.
o You can snack on the table. Children and adolescents may be at a long table when you have a few snacks. Raw vegetables, cheese and vegetables, can help everyone, so that it focuses. If you have a family meeting right after lunch replace, the desert.
o Use the forum for private matters. If you have problems with your spouse or children who are really personal to that person, you keep it off the agenda. Appreciate no child or young person, that the subjects taken from the rest of the family. Curfew, allowances, generally, are perfect here. However, deciding what to do about twelve had just been caught shoplifting should be done privately (do not try to tell me I'm not the only one whose children slip from time to time).
o Use the forum's role modeling, and practice speaking and listening skills. This show is a great place for parents, children, how to talk and how to listen to each other. The rest of the week can be hectic and complicated things, but just like eating at Grandma's, a great place to practice good table manners family a great place to practice how to speak and hear.
o At the end of the ceremony. This is a prayer, or perhaps family members gather together and say "thank you" tune, or family member can thank others, listen and do. The ceremony itself is less important than what it represents, namely the meeting and the recognition to include the contributions.
Family meetings are to remain connected to mention a positive and effective way for families that all the weekly main source of care and support. These meetings are children and teenagers in the family to participate as partners in communication, in order to realize the significant contribution to the strength of the family.

The family needs to take care of it self

The book begins with a quote from James Agee and Walker Evans: "The family needs to take care of itself, no mother or father, no shelter, no resources, no love, interest, service, support or comfort, so close you can happy or sad, what about all the family is for those who are outside of what the people inside, but, as I said, very lonely pull themselves homeless, designed around a fire in the cruelest times, so alone, and if it other families, each as an individual or less, no help or comfort and is also designed himself. "
Story of a family history of Bryce, Napier and Whitaker illustrate the basic dynamics of the structural imbalance of the system and how the child is a method to avoid the typical happy couples for marriage and family problems starting. , Fusion triangles, single family life cycle, family of origin issues, prejudices, reciprocity, and guilt are the hierarchy and the properties of living systems are among the concepts explained and illustrated by experiences in dealing with this family. David Carolyn, is a pair of unhappy parents of Claudia (PI), Laura, and Thursday the book well written, stop, hard to start as soon as you read.
Whitaker has been criticized in the field, because many people believe that he is not really a theory. It is assumed that only lead his charismatic personality, his treatment. I do not agree. I think that's enough to read his chapter in Handbook of Family Therapy (1981) and these concepts can be understood in a family witch hunt of the depth and breadth of his theory to see.
To examine in the book review services, better theoretical background and key concepts Whitaker. He began as a OB / GYN and had no psychiatric training. He was involved in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, after the Second World War. Whitaker was interested in determining the understanding of the relationship distressed family background and whether the psychotic symptoms as severe as the patterns and beliefs, dysfunctional family could be increased.
From 1946 to 1955, he participated and Whitaker (1981) Treatment of schizophrenia with the type of aggressive treatment to play. In fact, the most influential Whitaker drive training clinic in which children learn, play therapy (Whitaker, 1981). Whitaker used different methods to learn of the scandal, too, "crazy" of the war, with a bottle of swing, all of them speak in his formative experiences to draw deeply.
At the same time developed these techniques, a kind of pyknolepsy, where he slept in a meeting has developed. He dreams of his relationship with the patient for treatment, and then his associations with the dream seat treatment (Whitaker, 1981). Show in defense of the unique techniques and Whitaker, that (p. 188) "any technique to use in self-development process of the analyst to the patient as a mediator, an analyst, the model is called the primary process."
In 1946, Whitaker moved (1981) at Emory, where he headed the department of psychiatry. It was here that his two friends treatment, in collaboration with Dr. Thomas Malone developed in 1964, David Keith Whitaker with a degree of MFT to develop a graduate of the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine Development Methodology symbolic -.. Experiential Education Students "... Take it all, what the patient said was true symbolic meaning" (Whitaker, 1981, p. '189) to be.
Whitaker (1981) defines health as "... a process to be continued" (p. '190). He stressed that the most important of a healthy family, "... an integrated sense of integrity ... a healthy family, a group or a group of fragmented frozen ... constructive and healthy family management of negative feedback is used strength and comfort. Handlers group includes persons "(p. '190). Whitaker also defines the healthy family "... a generation that is 3-4 ... Put an integrated longitudinal beam separation between the generations. Mom and Dad are not babies and children from their parents" (p. '190). Whitaker examined the degree of parents and children a strong desire to have access to support to external stakeholders. Families of origin in healthy families.
Is important, Whitaker tried to spontaneity of communication as a marker for healthy families. Healthy family, the whole country to accept the problems and the identification capabilities. Therefore, he stressed that healthy families greater freedom for the individual to himself. Whitaker (1981) states: "... families who do not actually normal stress" (p. '190).
Whitaker (1981) found that the fundamental characteristic of healthy families is the availability of "if" the structure, the various family members take on different roles at different times allows. Result of interaction and not rigidly defined roles. Past, present and future of culture and the needs of the family at some point: They are of different conditions, as defined. On the other hand, machine function and Whitaker families as "... characterized by a very limited sense of a whole" (p. '194). Lack of flexibility in times of change are secret communication, the intolerance of the conflict, lack of spontaneity, lack of empathy, guilt and scapegoat, the lack of playfulness and a sense of humor, a marker for healthy families and Whitaker, from the perspective.
Whitaker has a strong focus on the exchange of technical treatment. Family Crucible, for example, the witnesses and the reader Whitaker Napier to continually increase power. Whitaker and Napier techniques are described in the book designed to interfere directly in the rigid pattern of behavior. The exposure of the secret behavior is the efforts of the wrong family to keep in touch immersion true feelings into account. There are of crucial importance here and now family quality of the tools used symbolic, experiential education, Crucible, with a focus on creating and then turn around and the emotional dynamics vivo treatment session.
Napier and Whitaker Bryce insisted on presenting the whole family. In fact, Whitaker symbols - experimental therapy model is considered essential to begin the process of dealing with the family (Napier and Whitaker, 1978). Whitaker (1981) stated: "Our wish for the whole family, is the beginning of" our struggle for the building. "It starts with the first call" (p. '204). He notes that "... seriously, the process of treatment is not aimed at families with children" and "... the quality of experiential education family therapy requires the presence of children" (p. '205). Book by Napier and Whitaker (1978) often try to change the game drive, especially with Laura, Don Claudia. David's family members are invited to the meeting, Carolyn origin. Whitaker (1981) argues that the production of four generations to come for interviews, in order to fight "... helps to develop systems of great anxiety" (p. '204). Experience is the use of cognitive therapy Bryce family entertainment as the winner of growth is attributed to cognitive theory.
Napier and Whitaker (1978) describe the treatment as a symbol of sharing, a wedding professional. Early treatment of co-therapists involved to meet Bryce, decisions. Symbolically, they saw the family as a baby's first steps. How such a structure, the family is required, it follows that unilateral decisions to treat. According to Napier and Whitaker won the battle for control, care of children and parents to soften significantly. Middle of the Bryce family therapy, treatment decisions were more cooperative. Again, this process model, increasing differentiation of the family. As the treatment progressed, the therapist increasingly smaller role, as parents are proud of how the family was integrated Bryce change, regardless of the therapist to search. Whitaker (1981) made clear that the process of care (p. '107) "... with the kids and goes until late adolescence, where the initiative lies with the children, then responsibility for their lives start".
Through the whole book, he emphasized, implicitly and explicitly, that the development varies from self-therapist is the key to the success of treatment. Napier and Whitaker (1978) served as a grandparent, coach or substitute family Bryce further treatment. Themselves are the active forces for change. Instead of a blank screen, acted as allies of the family system. Especially at the beginning of Napier and Whitaker were teaching. Techniques are silence, fear, conflict and balance system used. They acted as a catalyst, which was held on the tacit and found at the scene, represented by the symbols in the family communication patterns. Preferred co-therapists, their subjective impressions.
Above all, he Napier and Whitaker (1978) had the courage to be yourself. They knew how the absurdities of life, and how to bring the most important impulses of people to meet. They believed in a strong healing power of the people, and more importantly, family. They insisted the family in connection with his nonsense, respect the game spontaneously from their own management models.
The reader will notice that the team symbolic - experiential education therapy through several stages. In the first part of the treatment, the struggle can the co-therapists structure. Intermediate phase, a team of parents working activators of stress, expander growth, fostering creativity. Towards the end of treatment, co-therapists to sit and watch, while maintaining independent functioning of the family. Whitaker (1981) states that "the order of attachment and detachment is important. It is a little" how to be with children. Father is angry with their children a minute, our love for others. We take the same stance with families "(p. '205). Therefore, the role of co-therapists in the treatment with Bryce family was dynamic.
She trained as a therapist or reader to believe that he inspired the treatment of Napier and Whitaker (1978) witchhunt genealogy offered. Self-disclosure, his creative play, stories, education, personal messages spontaneously, the use of metaphors, and his co parts of the therapist to work the environment through the generous use of their personal lives. Techniques developed to confusion about Claudia, the patient is identified to start the system off balance in a genuine dialogue between the spouses in a marriage between the generations of large families to open a user. It should be noted however, that non-technical, but a personal commitment that allows Napier and Whitaker (1978), has to do their best. And it shows how thoroughly symbolic (emotional) experience in treating families, illustrated by sharp learning the Bryce family. Why should this experience be created in the session. In order to reveal the hidden world beneath the surface of the world is the healing Bryce's family, for all families. Unique symbolic language in Bryce family system therapists were able to move, the family of the awareness level of the symbolic content.
Family Crucible, Napier (1978) describes the healing of family therapy from the perspective of Whitaker co-therapist. Courage to live absurdity, the courage to embrace each other, to share the point of free association and thoughts with families face. Courage to take part in family life or even invites them to share their lives with deep associations helps families cope with the primary process. In fact, the book argues that the power of the therapist is to treat important, so that the family met with the therapist is the most important remedy. The goal of psychotherapy with the Bryce family, like all families to provide therapeutic experiences the applications must be baked in an imbalance for the whole family. As Carolyn Whitaker says: "If you marry your husband and children divorce?" It acts as an agent of change. They do not care if the customer wants. And it is here that one recognizes that the success of psychotherapy, the analyst from the emotional maturity. Person of the analyst is the core of what is a good psychotherapy. As Whitaker says that the treatment the therapist is critical, vital, experiential education training analyst, his / her customers is to provide an experimental treatment. In short, this book easy to read, inspiring, helpful and deserves a central place in the library of every therapist.

PENGERTIAN DASA DARMA

PENGERTIAN DASA DARMA
Penjelasan Dasa Dharma yang berarti sepuluh tingkah laku, adalah saran untuk melaksanakan satya (janji, ikrar, ungkapan hati). Dengan demikan maka Dasa Dharma Pramuka, pertama-tama adalah ketentuan pengamalan dari Tri Satya dan kemudian dilengkapi dengan nilai-nilai luhur yang bermanfaat dalam tatan kehidupan.

Penjelasan masing-masing Dasa Dharma
1. Taqwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa
• Menjalankan ibadah sesuai dengan agama dan kepercayaan masing-masing
• Mengawali dan mengakhiri setiap kegiatan dengan do’a
• Menyelenggarakan peringatan-peringatan hari besar keagamaan
• Mennyelenggarakan certamah keagamaan
2. Cinta alam dan kasih sayang sesama manusia
• Menanamkan pengertian dan kesadaran lingkungan dalam setiap kegiatan kepramukaan
• Memupuk rasa toleransi dengan jalan menghormati dan menghargai orang lain meskipun tidak sebangsa dan seagama
• Apapun dan siapun yang kita kenal dan kita dekati lambat laun akan timbul rasa cinta kasih sayang dan rasa inilah yang dapat menggugah rasa dekat dengan al-khalik karena tidak terhalang dengan rasa benci, marah dan sifat yang tak terpuji.
3. Patriot yang sopan dan kesatria
• Membiasakan dan mendorong anggota Pramuka untuk:
- Menghormati dan memahami serta menghayati lambang Negara, Bendera Sang Merah Putih dan lagu kebangsaan Indonesia Raya
- Mencintai nilai-nilai bangsa Indonesia, seperti gotong royong, ramah tamah, religius, dll.
- Mencintai, menghayati dan mengamalkan Pancasila
• Mengutamakan kepentingan umum dari pada kepentingan pribadi, selalu membantu yang lemah dan yang benar
• Membiasakan diri untuk berani mengakui kesalahan dan membenarkan yang benar
• Hormat kepada orang tua, guru dan pemimpin
4. Patuh dan suka bermusyawarah
• Membiasakan diri untuk manepati janji, mematuhi peraturan baik yang ditetapkan di gugusdepan, peraturan RT/RK, kampung, sekolah maupun peraturan perundang-undangan. Misalnya setia mengikuti latihan, membayar iuran, mentaati lalulintas, dll.
• Belajar mendengar pendapat orang lain dan menghargai gagasan oranglain
• Membiasakan untuk merumuskan kesepakatan dengan memperhatikan kepentingan orang banyak.
• Membiasakan diri untuk bermusyawarah sebelum melaksanakan sesuatu kegiatan (misalnya akan berkemah, karyawisata dan lain-lain)
5. Rela menolong dan tabah
• Membiasakan diri untuk cepat menolong kecelakaan tanpa diminta
• Membantu menyeberangkan jalan untuk orang tua dan wanita
• Memberi tempat di tempat umum,kepada orang tua dan wanita
• Membiasakan secara bertahap untuk mengatasi masalah-maslah dalam kehidupan sehari-hari di rumah dan di masyarakat
6. Rajin, trampil dan gembira
• Membiasakan untuk menyusun jadwal kegiatan sehari-hari
• Mengatur kegiatan dengan menyesuaikan kegiatan-kegiatan di sekolah
• Menyelenggarakan diskusi-diskusi untuk belajar
- Mengolah pikiran
-Mengembangkan pendapat
• Memilih sesuatu jenis kemahiran/keahlian yang sesuai dengan bakat
• Mintalah tuntunan dari orang yang lebih berpengalaman
• Berusaha untuk bekerja dengan rencana
• Beryanyi dalam setiap melakukan usaha
7. Hemat, cermat dan bersahaja
• Menggunakan waktu dengan tepat
• Bertindak dengan teliti pada waktu yang tepat agar tidak dirusakan oleh keinginan jahat dari luar
• Sadar akan dirinya sebagai pribadi
• Berpakaian yang sederhana tanpa perhiasan yang berlebih lebihan
• Meneliti sebelum berbuat sesuatu agar terjadi ketetapan hati di dalam pelaksanaannya
8. Bertanggung jawab dan dapat dipercaya
• Berusaha untuk mengendalikan dan mengtur diri
• mentaati undang-undang dan peraturan pemerintah
• Belajar untuk meniai kenyataan, bukti dan kebearan sesuatu keterangan/ informasi
• Patuh dengan pertimbangan dan keyakinan
9. Bertanggung jawab dan dapat di percaya
• Selalu menjalankan tugas dan kewajiban dengan penuh rasa tanggung jawab
• Tidak akan mengelakan sesuatu tanggungjawab dengan sesuatu alasan yang dicari-cari
• Dapat di percaya atas kata-katanya, perbuatannya dan sebagainya, apa yang dikatakannya bukanlah suatu karangan yang dibuat-buat
• Dirumah, disekolah dan dimanapun juga dapat dipercaya bahwa tidak akan berbuat sesuatu yang tidak baik, meskipun tidak ada orang yang tahu atu mengaasinya
10. Suci dalam pikiran , perkataan dan perbuatan
• Selalu menyumbangkan pikiran yang baik,tidak berprasangka dan tidak boleh mempunyai sikap yang tercela dan selalu menghargai pemikiran-pemikiran orang lain. Sehingga timbul rasa saling harga menghargai seama manusia dalam kehidupan sehari-hari
• Selalu berhati-hati dan berusaha sekuat tenaga untuk mengendlikan diri terhadap ucapan dan menjauhkan diri dari perkataan-perkataan yang tidak pantas dan menimbulkan ketidak percayaan orang lain
• Seorang Pramuka akan manjadi contoh pribadi dalam segala tindak tanduk dan menjauhkan diri dari perbuatan-perbuatan yang jelek/melanggar menurut kehidupan masyarakat dan aturan agama

Kandungan Tri Satya

Didalam Tri Satya mengandung 6 kewajiban yaitu:
1. kewajiban terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa
2. kewajiban terhadap Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia
3. kewajiban terhadap Pancasila
4. kewajiban terhadap Sesama Hidup
5. kewajiban terhadap Masyarakat
6. kewajiban terhadap Dasa Dharma